Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
5
Impact of Nanotechnology on
Dental Implants
S. Lavenus,
1,2,3
J. Rozé,
1
A. Hoornaert,
1
G. Louarn,
2
and P. Layrolle
3
1
Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, France
2
CNRS, UMR6502, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), University of Nantes, France
3
Inserm U957, Bone Resorption Physiopathology and Primary Bone Tumors Therapy, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Nantes, France
CONTENTS
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................71
5.2 Nanoscale Surface Modifications
5.3 Interactions of Surface Dental Implants with Blood .............................................................................75
5.4 Interactions Between Surfaces and MSCs...........................................................................................76
5.4.1 Origin of MSCs .......................................................................................................... 76
5.4.2 Migration, Adhesion, and Proliferation ......................................................................... 77
5.4.3 Differentiation ........................................................................................................... 78
5.5 Tissue Integration .............................................................................................................................78
5.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................80
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................................80
References ..............................................................................................................................................80
5.1
INTRODUCTION
Implants are commonly used in dental surgery for restoring teeth. One of the challenges in implantol-
ogy is to achieve and maintain the osseointegration as well as the epithelial junction of the gingival
tissue with implants. An intimate junction of the gingival tissue with the neck of dental implants may
prevent bacteria colonizations leading to peri-implantitis while direct bone bonding may ensure a bio-
mechanical anchoring of the artificial dental root (
Figure 5.1
).
The first step of the osseointegration of implants is called primary stability and is related to the
mechanical anchorage, design of implants, and bone structure
[1]
. This primary interlock decreases
with time at the benefit of the secondary anchorage, which is characterized by a biological bond-
ing at the interface between bone tissues and implant surface. Between the primary mechanical and
secondary biological anchorage, a decreased implant stability could be observed. Many studies have
attempted to enhance the osseointegration of implants by various surface modifications. The aim is to
provide metal implants with surface biological properties for the adsorption of proteins, the adhesion
and differentiation of cells, and tissue integration. These biological properties are related to chemical