Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
3
Antimicrobial Nanoparticles in
Restorative Composites
N. Beyth, I. Yudovin-Farber, E.I. Weiss, and A.J. Domb
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
CONTENTS
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................35
3.2 Antibacterial Restorative Composites .................................................................................................36
3.2.1 Filler Phase Modification ............................................................................................ 36
3.2.1.1 Released Antibacterial Agents...................................................................................36
3.2.1.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents..............................................................................37
3.2.2 Matrix Phase Modification .......................................................................................... 37
3.2.2.1 Released Antibacterial Agents...................................................................................37
3.2.2.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents..............................................................................38
3.3 Antimicrobial Macromolecules ..........................................................................................................38
3.3.1 Polycationic Disinfectants .......................................................................................... 38
3.3.2 Polyethyleneimine...................................................................................................... 39
3.4 Nanoparticles ...................................................................................................................................40
3.4.1 Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles................................................................................. 40
3.4.1.1 Synthesis..................................................................................................................40
3.4.1.2 Characterization........................................................................................................41
3.4.1.3 Incorporation of Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles......................................................43
3.5 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................44
References ..............................................................................................................................................44
3.1
INTRODUCTION
Restorative composite materials are commonly used in dentistry as hard tissue substitute (i.e., enamel
and dentin). In the past 30 years, numerous studies investigated the antibacterial properties of various
restorative composites as well as their constituents. Unfortunately, restorative composite materials
fail to display any inhibition after being cured
[1-4]
. Moreover, restorative composites were reported
to accumulate more dental plaque in the long run compared to enamel and other restorations. The
lack of antibacterial properties of cured composites means there is no inhibitory effect against plaque
accumulation on the surface, and cariogenic bacteria such as
Streptococcus mutans
can easily grow
on composites. The result is deterioration of the restoration material while infecting the neighboring
