Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
18
Nanocharacterization
Techniques for Dental Implant
Development
Dermot Brabazon
Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
CONTENTS
18.1 Measurement of the Topology of Nanostructures .............................................................................308
18.1.1 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope ................................................................ 308
18.1.1.1 FESEM Case Studies..........................................................................................308
18.1.2 Scanning Probe Microscopy................................................................................... 309
18.1.2.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope.........................................................................309
18.1.2.2 Atomic Force Microscope...................................................................................311
18.1.3 Confocal Microscopy and Interferometry ................................................................. 312
18.1.3.1 Confocal Microscopy ..............................................................................................312
18.1.3.2 Interferometry ....................................................................................................314
18.2 Measurement of Nanostructure Internal Geometries ........................................................................315
18.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscope.......................................................................... 315
18.2.1.1 TEM Case Studies ..................................................................................................315
18.2.2 Focused Ion Beam................................................................................................ 317
18.2.2.1 FIB Case Studies ...............................................................................................317
18.2.3 X-Ray Diffraction.................................................................................................. 318
18.2.3.1 XRD Case Studies ..............................................................................................319
18.2.4 Mercury Porosimetry ............................................................................................. 319
18.2.4.1 Mercury Porosimetry Case Studies .....................................................................321
18.3 Measurement of Composition of Nanostructures..............................................................................321
18.3.1 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy.................................................................... 321
18.3.1.1 EDS Case Study .................................................................................................322
18.3.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ......................................................................... 322
18.3.2.1 XPS Case Study .................................................................................................323
18.3.3 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy.......................................................................... 323
18.3.3.1 SIMS Case Studies.............................................................................................324
18.3.4 Auger Electron Spectroscopy ................................................................................. 324
18.3.4.1 AES Case Studies...............................................................................................325
