Cellular Responses to Nanoscale Surface Modifications of Titanium Implants for Dentistry and Bone Tissue Engineering Applications - Emerging Nanotechnologies in Dentistry - page 117

Table 8.3 (Continued)
Modified
Structures/
Chemicals

Modification
Methods

Materials
Used

Cell Type Cell Responses References

100 nm,
microtopography

Hydrofluoric acid
(HF) treatment,
TiO 2 grit blasting

TiO 2 grit
blasted/HF

hMSC Stimulated osteoblast

differentiation more in
acid-treated surface
(nanotopography)

[88]

MC3T3-E1

Enhanced
osteoinductive
transcription factors
(RUNX-2, SMADs),
growth factors (IGF-
2, BMPs), and bone
matrix proteins in acid
treatment
Increased levels of
RUNX-2, Osterix, BSP

[89]

Nano  Micro,
10, 30, 100 µm
hemispherical
Nano  micro

Mechanical
polishing  acid
etching
Electrochemically
microstructured
(EM)
EM  acid etching

N/A MG63 cells Cells more spread,

longer and more filopods
Observed vinculin
positive focal contacts
Little effect on cell
morphology
A marked synergistic
effect on cell proliferation

[90]

0.5-106 µm in
diameter

Compaction Metal

powders:
Ti, Ti6Al4V,
CoCrMo

Human
osteoblasts

Nanophase of Ti6Al4V
and CoCrMo: more
calcium and phosphorus
deposition compared to
microphase
No change in Ti
microphase and
nanophase

[91]

Micro-/
Nanotopography

Sand blasted and
acid etched (SLA)

N/A hMSC

MG63

Induced levels of
osteogenic markers
SPP1, RUNX-2, BSP,
WNT5A
Enhanced cluster
formation of osteoblasts
Increased expression
of bone-associated
genes, ALP, osteocalcin,
osteoprotegerin,
collagen I

[92]
[93,94]

Nanotopography HF treatment N/A MC3T3-E1 Improved

biocompatibility

[95]

( Continued )