Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
8
Cellular Responses to Nanoscale
Surface Modifications of
Titanium Implants for Dentistry
and Bone Tissue Engineering
Applications
K. Subramanian, D. Tran, and K.T. Nguyen
Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington,
and University of Texas, South Western Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
CONTENTS
8.1
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................113
8.2
Nanotopography Generated from Surface Modification of Ti Implants .................................................114
8.2.1
Surface Modification of Ti Implants with Inorganic Materials/Nanoparticles ................... 115
8.2.2
Surface Modifications of Ti Implants with Polymers..................................................... 117
8.3
Nanotopography and Protein Absorption ...........................................................................................118
8.4
Nanotopography Alters Osteoblast Responses ...................................................................................118
8.4.1
Cell Morphology....................................................................................................... 118
8.4.2
Cell Adhesion .......................................................................................................... 119
8.4.3
Cell Proliferation...................................................................................................... 119
8.4.4
Bioactive Molecules ................................................................................................. 125
8.4.5
Osseointegration ...................................................................................................... 126
8.5
Nanotopography and Stem Cell Responses .......................................................................................126
8.5.1
Effects of Nanotopography on Endothelial Progenitor Cells........................................... 127
8.5.2
Effects of Nanotopography on Bone Marrow Stem Cells ............................................... 127
8.6
Conclusions....................................................................................................................................128
References ............................................................................................................................................128
8.1
INTRODUCTION
Biomaterials such as titanium (Ti) have been used for various purposes from treating injuries
to replacing defects in the human body. Since their first use in the 1960s, biomaterials have been
applied extensively in various medical applications
[1]
, especially in the fields of orthopedics, dental,
