Biomedical Engineering Reference
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CH
CH
CH
3
3
3
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
3
3
3
3
3
3
Thymol
Carvacol
p
-Cymene-2,3-diol
FIGURE 6.19
Structure of natural antioxidants.
80
p
-Cymene-2,3-diol
Carvacrol
Thymol
BHA
-Tocopherol
Carnosic Acid
Control
70
60
α
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Time (Days)
FIGURE 6.20
Antioxidative activity of
p
-cymene-2,3-diol, carvacol, thymol, BHA,
-toco-
pherol, and carnosic acid at a concentration of 100 µg/g in lard (Schaal Test at 60°C). Each
point represents a mean value with a standard deviation by no more than 10%. (Adapted from
Schwartz and Ernst.
93
With permission.
α
-tocopherol, BHA.
Wang and co-workers
94
recently isolated five flavonoid glycosides from thyme. Of
these, eriodictyol-7-rutinoside and luteolin-7-0-
far more effective in retarding oxidation of lard compared to
α
β
-glucopyranoside exhibited the
strongest antioxidant properties.
Refined rosemary extract is sold commercially for its antioxidant properties
particularly in foods containing animal fats and vegetable oils.
95,96
Rosemary extracts
contain a large number of phenolic compounds including carnosic acid, carnosol,
and rosmarinic acid, all of which are strong natural antioxidants (
Figure 6.21
).
Frankel
97
commented that it was hard to interpret the literature on commercial
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