Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.3
Commercial Natural Antioxidant Formulations
Tocopherols
(%)
γ
+
δ
Isomers
(%)
Tocotrienols
(%)
α
(%)
Solvent
Eastman Kodak
Tenox GT-1
50
40
Vegetable oil
Tenox GT-2
70
56
Vegetable oil
ADM
Mixed tocopherols
MTS-50
50
20
MTS-70
70
20
4-50
50
25
25
4-80
67.2
13.5
53.7
α-Tocopherol
5-67
67.2
67.2
5-87
87.3
87.3
5-100
97
97
α-Tocopherol acetates
6-81
81
81
6-100
96
96
α-Tocopherol succinates
Regular grade
96
96
Content
Solubility
Usage Rate
KALSEC
Herbalox™
Rosemary extract
Formulations oil and water soluble
0.05-0.2%
Duralox™
Rosemary extract, spices
extract, citric acid
tocopherols
Formulations oil and water soluble
0.05-0.2%
tocopherols by the presence of three double bonds in the phytol side chain. Toco-
pherols and tocotrienols both consist of
isomers, which differ in the
number of methyl groups present in the aromatic ring (
Figure 6.6
).
Tocopherols have
three chiral centers in the phytol chain, namely, 2, 4
α
,
β
,
γ
, and
δ
, making eight possible
stereoisomers. Rules developed by the International Union of Nutritional Sciences
42
and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-International Union of
Biochemistry
43
require tocopherols of unspecified configuration be named as methyl
substituted tocols, e.g.,
′
, 8
′
-tocopherol as
8-monomethyl tocol. Natural tocopherols have the same configuration in their side
chain, (+)-tocopherols or
RRR;
2D,4
α
-tocopherol as 5,7,8-trimethyl tocol;
δ
D;
d
-tocopherols. Synthetic tocopherols
are usually a mixture of epimeric forms. Recommended nomenclature for these
components is
SRR
-tocopherols or 2-
epi
-tocopherols. An equimolar mixture of syn-
thetic tocopherols is composed of isomers with natural and 2-epimer configurations
and these products should be named as 2-
ambo
-tocopherol (previously named as
′
D,8
′
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