Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
4
Dental and Skeletal Applications of
Silica-Based Nanomaterials
Shin-Woo Ha
a
, M. Neale Weitzmann
a
,
b
,
c
and George R. Beck, Jr.
a
,
b
a
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology,
Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta, GA, USA
b
The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
c
The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
CHAPTER OUTLINE
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 70
4.2 Silica nanoparticles ....................................................................................................................... 70
4.3 Synthesis of silica-based nanomaterials.......................................................................................... 71
4.3.1 Methods ....................................................................................................................72
4.3.2 Dispersibility and purification ...................................................................................... 73
4.3.3 Composites and functionalization................................................................................. 74
4.4 Physicochemical properties of silica-based nanomaterials ............................................................... 75
4.4.1 Size .......................................................................................................................... 75
4.4.2 Shape........................................................................................................................ 76
4.4.3 Surface properties and modifications ........................................................................... 77
4.5 Dental applications of silica-based nanomaterials ........................................................................... 78
4.5.1 Composite resins ........................................................................................................ 78
4.5.2 Surface topography: roughness, polishing, and antimicrobial properties........................... 82
4.5.2.1 Polishing ........................................................................................................ 82
4.5.2.2 Antimicrobial properties ................................................................................... 82
4.6 Skeletal applications of silica-based nanomaterials......................................................................... 83
4.6.1 Skeletal modeling and remodeling, osteoblast, and osteoclasts....................................... 83
4.6.2 Silica and osteoblasts ................................................................................................. 84
4.6.3 Silica nanoparticles and bone metabolism .................................................................... 84
4.6.4 Osseointegration......................................................................................................... 85
4.6.5 Biocompatibility/toxicology .......................................................................................... 85
4.7 Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 85
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. 86
References ........................................................................................................................................... 86