Biomedical Engineering Reference
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reductions in periodontal depth and gains in clinical attachment 6 months after therapy [15] . These
improvements in periodontal healing were comparable to those obtained in patients treated in the
same series with a bovine-derived xenograft (Bio-Oss s ) in combination with a collagen membrane
(Bio-Gide s )( Figure 19.2 ).
Although the clinical improvement noted in the nanomaterial group appeared to be within the
range of other regenerative treatment procedures in this as well as other studies, there were some
reported difficulties with the material. The material seemed to compromise initial adhesion of the
mucoperiosteal flaps in all of the patients treated with it and the low consistency seemed to lead to
collapse of these flaps into the intrabony defect and to migration of inflammatory cells to the area
of the wound [15] . Although no histological data were available from this study, another study with
the nanosized material did provide some information regarding the tissue composition of aug-
mented intraoral sites 6
7 months after the application of the material in patients needing lateral
ridge augmentation [16] { Figure 19.3 }.
Histological analyses showed the presence of small pieces of the nanocrystalline HA in
biopsy cores after 6 months without any signs of inflammatory reactions. Moreover, upon
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
FIGURE 19.2
Case study comparing nano-HA Ostim s to calcium phosphate xenograft and collagen membrane for
treatment of intrabony peri-implantitis. (A) Radiograph immediately before application of bovine-derived
xenograft in combination with a collagen membrane. (B) Postoperative radiograph at 6 months. (C)
Radiograph immediately before application of nanocrystalline HA. (D) Postoperative radiograph at 6 months.
Figure from Ref. [15] with permission from publisher.
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