Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
19
Nanoceramics for Bone
Regeneration in the Oral and
Craniomaxillofacial Complex
R. Dziak
a
, K. Mohan
a
, B. Almaghrabi
a
and Y. Park
b
a
Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA
b
Department of Prosthodontics Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
CHAPTER OUTLINE
19.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 389
19.2 Nanoceramics and bone repair ................................................................................................... 391
19.3 Hydroxyapatite........................................................................................................................... 392
19.4 Nano-HAcollagen composites................................................................................................... 397
19.5 Hydrogels and nano-HA .............................................................................................................. 397
19.6 Chitosan and nano-bioactive glass composites ............................................................................ 398
19.7 Nanocalcium sulfate .................................................................................................................. 398
19.8 Conclusions............................................................................................................................... 405
Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................. 406
References ......................................................................................................................................... 406
19.1
Introduction
The goal of tissue engineering is to develop biological substitutes that maintain, improve, or restore
tissue and organ functionality damaged through disease, trauma, or congenital abnormalities
[1]
.
Bone tissue engineering in particular aims to replace critical bone loss due to trauma or disease. In
the oral cavity and craniofacial region, bone tissue engineering approaches are used in clinical
procedures such as restoration of alveolar bone after periodontal disease, sinus augmentation, peri-
implantitis, as well as reconstructive surgery after trauma or conditions such as cancer.
Although there have been tremendous advances in the development of tissue engineering
approaches for bone that involve specific aspects of the bone regenerative process, basically the
goal of all strategies is to provide at the site of defect, an environment in which the appropriate
cells such as stem cells or more immediate osteoblastic precursors can migrate and attach to
