Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
16
Impact of Nanotechnology on
Dental Implants
Sandrine Lavenus
a
,
b
,
c
, Julie Roz
´
a
, Guy Louarn
b
and Pierre Layrolle
c
a
INSERM, U791, Laboratory for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering Faculty of Dental Surgery,
University of Nantes, Nantes, France
b
CNRS, UMR6502, Institut des Mate´riaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
c
Inserm U957, Bone Resorption Physiopathology and Primary Bone Tumors Therapy,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
CHAPTER OUTLINE
16.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 323
16.2 Nanoscale surface modifications ................................................................................................ 326
16.3 Interactions of surface dental implants with blood ....................................................................... 327
16.4 Interactions between surfaces and mesenchymal stem cells......................................................... 328
16.4.1 Origin of mesenchymal stem cells.......................................................................... 329
16.4.2 Migration, adhesion, and proliferation .................................................................... 329
16.4.3 Differentiation...................................................................................................... 329
16.5 Tissue integration ...................................................................................................................... 330
16.6 Conclusions............................................................................................................................... 332
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 332
References ......................................................................................................................................... 332
16.1
Introduction
Implants are commonly used in dental surgery for restoring teeth. One of the challenges in implan-
tology is to achieve and maintain the osseointegration as well as the epithelial junction of the gingi-
val with implants. An intimate junction of the gingival tissue with the neck of dental implants may
prevent bacterial colonizations leading to periimplantitis while direct bone bonding may ensure a
biomechanical anchoring of the artificial dental root (
Figure 16.1
).
The first step of the osseointegration of implants is called primary stability and is related to the
mechanical anchorage, design of implants, and bone structure
[1]
. This primary interlock decreases
with time at the benefit of the secondary anchorage, which is characterized by a biological bonding
at the interface between bone tissues and implant surface. Between the primary mechanical and
