Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
5.0
µ
m
(C)
20.0
µ
m
1.0
µ
m
FIGURE 15.4
SEM images of bioactive glass nanoparticles. It shows the formation of the carbonated HA layer on the
surface of bioactive glass nanoparticles. Images (B) and (C) are magnifications of image (A).
[36,37]
. The use of nanosized particles may provide a means for a more rapid release of Ca and P
[15,23]
and low negative zeta potential in biological medium, which has important effects in vivo
[24]
and promotes cell attachment and proliferation
[25,26]
.
Doostmohammadi et al. (2011) studied bioactive glass nanoparticles 63S (
40 nm) produced
through the sol-gel method
[38]
. The small particle size (high surface area) and apatite surface
layer suggest that a given mass of these particles will release Ca and P ions and be absorbed faster
than the same mass of larger bioactive glass particles. Webster et al. (1999) showed that a signifi-
cant increase in protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion could be observed on nanoscale ceramic
materials, as compared with microscale ceramic materials
[39]
. Nanoceramics have been reported
to demonstrate enhanced in vitro osteoblast proliferation, osteoblast activity, and long-term func-
tions on particles of size lesser than 100 nm
[40,41]
.
Recently, the concept of biological surface modification has opened new insights into biomate-
rial engineering. The biological response refers to the ability of the material to directly stimulate
cell behavior via proper biochemical signals. Bioactive glasses induce HA precipitation in physio-
logical fluids. Thus, by anchoring to specific surface biomolecules, it is possible to improve tissue
regeneration around implants, from both a chemical and biological point of view.
,
15.4
Bioactive glass in dentistry
Bioactive glasses of the SiO
2
Na
2
O
CaO
P
2
O5 system are of potential interest in dentistry
because of
their antimicrobial properties
[42]
and their ability to remineralize dentin
[43]
.
