Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 13.14
Lung section. No abnormality detected 14 days after single administration of 2000 of Re-doped IF-MoS
2
nanoparticles mg/kg (H&E,
3
20).
In addition to these animal tests, recent reports demonstrated no cytotoxic effect of IF NP on the
vitality and proliferation rate of human culture cells. Wu
[52]
et al. tested the effect of MoS
2
NP dis-
persed within cell medium, on two types of human cells: A549 cells (lung adenocarcinoma cells) and
K562 cells (leukemic cells). The results showed that the MoS
2
NP were reasonably nontoxic and bio-
compatible up to the given concentrations. Furthermore, there was no obvious change of the
morphologies of A549 cells treated with MoS
2
NP for 2 days even at the highest concentration.
Another study
[53]
examined the effect of WS
2
nanotubes of (INT-WS
2
) on human salivary
gland cell line. The cells were cultured and subjected to three different concentrations of INT-WS
2
with and without INT-WS
2.
Cell viability, growth, and morphologic features were examined until
reaching cell confluence. The results showed no significant differences between all the various cell
concentrations groups. The authors concluded that INT-WS
2
do not affect salivary gland cells'
viability, growth rate, or morphology.
13.6
Conclusions: from the lab to the clinic
The route of the archwires and the brackets, as well as other similar dental and medical devices,
coated with IF-NP from the laboratory bench to the orthodontic patients is a multi-stage process.
This route starts with extensive laboratory work to choose the appropriate IF NP for the coating
and subsequently determining the coating process. Thereafter, comprehensive in vitro tests are to
be conducted, using the proper stimulatory models, to validate the efficacy of the IF-coated ortho-
dontic materials.
The next stage is pursuing biocompatibility approval from the relevant regulatory agencies.
At this stage, the product will be available for initial clinical evaluation and finally commercial
manufacturing and sales in the orthodontic market.
