Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.
List of
Verticillium dahliae
genes identifi ed and characterized by
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
-mediated transformation.
Gene name
Function or domain
Key phenotypes
References
VMK1
Mitogen-activated
protein (MAP)
kinase gene
Reduced virulence,
reduced conidiation and
microsclerotia production
Rauyaree et al. 2005
VdGLO1
Glyoxalase I
Role in yeast-like growth
Klimes et al. 2006
VDH1
Class II
hydrophobin gene
Severe reduction in
microsclerotia production,
needed for pathogenicity
Klimes and
Dobinson 2006
VdGARP1
Glutamic acid-rich
protein
Lack of melanized
microsclerotia, No
pathogenicity
Gao et al. 2010
VdPKAC1
cAMP-dependent
protein kinase A
Reduced virulence
Tzima et al. 2010
VdSNF1
Sucrose
nonfermenting 1
gene
No pathogenicity
Tzima et al. 2011
VdEG1
Endoglucanase 1
No pathogenicity
Maruthachalam et
al. 2011a
VdHMGS
Hydroxyl-methyl
glutaryl-CoA
synthase
No pathogenicity
Maruthachalam et
al. 2011a
is essential for multicellular process in
V. dahliae
. The disruption of another
gene that encodes for a glutamic acid-rich protein (
VdGARP1
) impaired
the melanized microsclerotia production (Gao et al. 2010). In addition,
expression of this gene was induced in different growth conditions such
as drought and salt suggesting that this gene could also play an important
role in stress responses in the infected cotton roots under certain conditions
to promote melanized microsclerotial development in infected tissues.
Development of microsclerotia is a step in the pathogen life cycle wherein
it switches from saprophytic to dormant state that facilitates its long term
survival. Deletion of the
VDH1
gene in
V. dahliae
, homolog of a class II
hydrophobin gene results in reduced microsclerotial production and
reduced pathogenicity. These results suggest that
VDH1
gene is needed
for normal disease development in tomato and also for the production of
microsclerotia in
V. dahliae
(Klimes and Dobinson 2006)
.
The deletion of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) gene in
V.
dahliae
(
VdPKAC1
) resulted in reduced virulence in tomato and eggplant
(Tzima et al. 2010). In addition, the
vdpkac1
mutants produced less ethylene
than wild type strains suggesting a regulatory role for PKA in ethylene
