Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
frequency ω 0 , the molecule (treated as a classic electric dipole) will
irradiate at the Raman shifted frequency ω with a dipole moment
ωα ω ; (11.1)
where α M is the molecular Raman polarizability. The primary ield at
p
pd
(,)= (, )
E d
Mp 0
Ed ω is composed of two parts.
p
(, )
0
Ed
(, )= (, )+ (, )
ω
Ed
ω
E
d
ω ;
(11.2)
0
i
0
LM0
Ed ω the elastically
scattered ield derived from Lorenz-Mie theory. The electric ield
associated with the Raman-shifted radiation at an observation point
r is given by R (,)
Ed ω being the incident ield and LM
with i
(, )
(, )
0
0
Er ω which also composed of two components.
ω ω ω ; (11.3)
where E DIP is the ield of the oscillating dipole p in the absence of the
metal NP and E sc is the ield scattered by the sphere at the Raman-
shifted frequency ω . The Raman scattering intensity, I R , is the square
of the far-ield amplitude of E R and the SERS enhancement factor G
is deined as
Er
(,)= (,)+ (,)
E
r
E r
R
DIP
sc
= I
R
0
R
G
I
(11.4)
0 is the Raman intensity in the absence of the metal NP.
In the regime where the size of the NP is suficiently small
compared to the excitation wavelength λ 0 , the NP will exhibit a
dipole moment, p 0
where I R
3
00i
pgaEd ω (11.5)
where g 0 = ( ε 0 1)/( ε 0 + 2) and is essentially the ield enhancement
averaged over the surface of the particle brought on by the incident
light excitation of the metal NP. This dipole moment, p 0 , is also
responsible for the surface enhanced Rayleigh radiation. A molecule
located at a distance d away from the metal NP exhibits a dipole
moment, p 1 which is induced by E p
1 Mp
=
( , )
0
p E α ω (11.6)
The secondary scattered ield E sc also induces a dipole moment
=
( , )
0
3
p aE d ω (11.7)
where g = ( ε − 1)/( ε + 2) and thus represent the ield enhancement
of the Raman scattered radiation in the presence of the metal NP. In
the coniguration with a molecule on the surface of the NP and the
=
( , )
2
DIP
 
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