Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
surface,.so.that.PSI.can.be.conjugated.to.the.surface,.providing.a.high.density.of.attached.
PSI.protein,.as.shown.in.Figure 26.6..Furthermore,.the.additional.PSI-electrode.interfacial.
area. resulting. from. the. three-dimensional. (3D). nanoporous. gold. layer-NPGL. electrode.
arrangement.allows.for.an.increase.in.PSI-mediated.electron.transfer.with.respect.to.an.
analogous.thin-ilm.(2D).planer.electrode.device..Measurement.of.photocurrent.vs..light.
intensity.showed.considerable.improvement.over.previous.devices.
Photoamperometric.measurements.were.taken.in.phosphate.buffer.solution.containing.
dichloroindophenol.as.an.electrochemical.mediator.and.sodium.ascorbate.as.a.sacriicial.
reagent..Upon.irradiation,.photon.energy.is.collected.by.PSI.protein.and.transferred.to.the.
“special.pair”.reaction.center,.subsequently.reducing.the.iron-sulfur.complex,.which.can.
be.transferred.to.an.electrochemical.mediator.in.solution..A.current.response.is.measured.
by. the. potentiostat. and. is. shown. in. Figure 26.6b.. The. difference. between. the. photocur-
rents. measured. in. 2D. (planer). and. 3D. (NPGL). cell. arrangements. shows. increased. efi-
ciency.with.the.design.
26.8 SummaryandConclusions
Bionanotechnology.has.recently.evolved.as.a.hybrid.discipline,.and.with.this.review.we.
hope.to.have.shown.that.continued.integration.of.the.materials.and.tools.of.nanotechnol-
ogy.in.plant.science.is.a.ield.with.an.exciting.future..Table 26.3.summarizes.the.current.
range.of.plant.studies.already.completed.and.discussed.in.this.brief.chapter..While.rela-
tively. few. key. papers. have. appeared. so. far,. hopes. for. great. beneits. to. agriculture. from.
bionanotechnology.are.creating.excitement.
52
TABLE 26.3
Summary.of.Plant/Nanomaterial.Studies
TestPlant
Nanomaterial
Reference
Alfalfa
Au
24
Cabbage
Alumina-phenanthrene
26
Unfunctionalized.SWNT
35
Functionalized.SWNT
35
Carrot
Alumina-phenanthrene
26
Unfunctionalized.SWNT
35
Functionalized.SWNT
35
Cinnamon.zeylarnicun
Au
48
Corn
MWNT,.Al,.Al
2
O
3
,.Zn,.ZnO
17
Alumina-phenanthrene
26
Cucumber
MWNT,.Al,.Al
2
O
3
,.Zn,.ZnO
17
Alumina-phenanthrene
26
Unfunctionalized.SWNT
35
Functionalized.SWNT
35
Indian.gooseberry
Au
45
Indian.mustard
Au
24
