Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
26
BionanotechnologyApplications
in
Plants
a
ndAgriculture
StephenR.WilsonandBarryS.Flinn
TransformationNanotechnologiesLLC,andInstituteforAdvanced
LearningandResearch,Danville,Virginia,USA
CONTENTS
26.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 520
26.2. How.Plant.Cells.Differ.from.Animal.Cells.................................................................. 520
26.2.1. The.Chloroplast.................................................................................................. 520
26.2.2. The.Cell.Wall....................................................................................................... 521
26.3. Plants.as.Test.Systems.for.Nanomaterial.Environmental.Toxicology...................... 522
26.3.1. Nanoparticle.Titanium.Dioxide....................................................................... 524
26.3.2. Nanoparticle.Iron............................................................................................... 524
26.3.3. Nanoparticle.Zinc.Oxide................................................................................... 525
26.3.4. Nanoparticle.Copper.......................................................................................... 525
26.3.5. Nanoparticle.Silver............................................................................................. 525
26.3.6. Carbon.Nanotubes............................................................................................. 525
26.3.7. Mechanistic.Studies.of.Nanoparticle.Toxicity................................................ 525
26.4. Plant-Nanomaterial.Interactions—Uses.of.Nanoparticles.for.Compound.
Delivery.to.Plants............................................................................................................. 526
26.4.1. Silica.Breaks.through.in.Plants—The.First.Direct.Plant.Application......... 526
26.4.2. Magnetic.Particles.as.Delivery.Systems.......................................................... 526
26.4.3. Carbon.Nanotubes.as.Delivery.Systems......................................................... 527
26.4.4. Nanoparticles.as.Protective.Systems............................................................... 528
26.4.5. Nanoparticles.as.Tools.for.Plant.Biology........................................................ 528
26.4.5.1. The.Gene.Gun.................................................................................... 528
26.4.5.2. Nanoparticles.for.Gene.Delivery.................................................... 529
26.4.5.3. Fullerene.Nanoparticles.for.Gene.Delivery................................... 529
26.4.5.4. Fullerenes.as.Reagents...................................................................... 529
26.5. Plants.as.Nanobiosensors................................................................................................ 529
26.6. Plants.and.Microbes.as.Nano-Factories........................................................................ 529
26.7. Quantum.Dots.and.Solar.Cells...................................................................................... 530
26.7.1. Quantum.Dots.................................................................................................... 530
26.7.2. Plant-Derived.Solar.Cell.Devices..................................................................... 531
26.8. Summary.and.Conclusions............................................................................................. 532
References..................................................................................................................................... 533
519
