Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
25.1.2
Papilio palinurus
and
Papilio ulysses
Papilio palinurus
. and.
Papilio ulysses
. are. two. brightly. colored. swallowtail. butterlies.. Like.
most.butterlies,.their.bright.colors.are.based.in.the.scales.on.their.wings..In.these.exam-
ples,. the. lamellae. found. in. the. scales. of. these. butterlies. are. located. in. the. bulk. of. the.
scale.. However,. unlike. the. layers. in.
C. raja
,. where. the. multilayer. is. broadly. continuous,.
these.scales. have.additional.regular.orthogonal.modulations. imposed.on.them,.and.the.
lamellae.follow.the.curvature.of.the.resulting.surface,.often.maintaining.the.gap.between.
subsequent.layers.(Figure 25.3).
In.both.
P. palinurus
.and.
P. ulysses
,.this.gives.rise.to.the.appearance.of.an.array.of.shallow.
lat-bottomed.concavities.across.the.surface.of.the.scale,.although.the.overall.structure.is.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f )
FIGURE 25.3
(a).TEM.of.the.concavity.observed.in.the.scales.of.
P. palinurus
..(b).TEM.of.the.concavity.observed.in.the.scales.of.
P. ulysses
..(c).Microscope.image.of.the.concavities.on.the.surface.of.a.scale.from.
P. palinurus
..(d).The.same.section.
as.shown.in.(c),.observed.through.cross-polarizers,.demonstrating.the.polarization.rotation.in.the.relections.
from.the.blue.region..(e).Image.of.the.butterly,.
P. palinurus
,.demonstrating.its.overall.emerald.green.color..(f).
Schematic.showing.the.method.of.rotation.responsible.for.the.blue.relection..Scale.bars:.1.μm.(a,.b),.6.μm.(c,.d)..
(From.Vukusic,.P.,.et.al.,.
Applied Optics
,.40(7),.1116-1125,.2001..With.permission.)
