Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
22
NanoscienceandEngineering
for
Robust
BiosolarCells
PonisserilSomasundaran,
1
MichaelChin,
1
UrszulaTylusLatosiewicz,
2
HarryL.Tuller,
3
BernardoBarbiellini,
4
andVenkatesanRenugopalakrishnan
2,5
1
DepartmentofEarthandEnvironmentalEngineering,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NewYork,USA
2
DepartmentofChemistryandChemicalBiology,NortheasternUniversity,Boston,Massachusetts,USA
3
DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,MIT,Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA
4
DepartmentofPhysics,NortheasternUniversity,Boston,Massachusetts,USA
5
Children'sHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,USA
CONTENTS
22.1.
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 428
22.2.
Solar.Cell.Review:.From.Silicon.to.Dye.to.Protein...................................................... 429
22.2.1.
Silicon.Solar.Cell................................................................................................. 429
22.2.2.
Dye-Sensitized.Solar.Cells................................................................................ 431
22.2.3.
Biosensitized.Solar.Cells................................................................................... 432
22.3.
Photoactive.Protein.Systems........................................................................................... 434
22.3.1.
Antenna.Proteins................................................................................................ 434
22.3.2.
Photosynthetic.Reaction.Center....................................................................... 435
22.3.3.
Photosystem.I.(PS.I)........................................................................................... 436
22.3.4.
Photosystem.II.(PS.II)......................................................................................... 438
22.3.5.
Bacteriorhodopsin.(bR)...................................................................................... 439
22.3.5.1.
bR.Proton.Pumping.Action.and.Electron.Transfer.
Mechanism.on.TiO
2.
Surfaces........................................................... 440
22.4.
Design,.Characterization,.and.Optimization.of.the.Semiconducting.Metal.
Oxide.Network.................................................................................................................. 441
22.4.1. Current.Generation.via.Conduction.Band.Energy.Gradient....................... 441
22.4.1.1. Dimension.Solid-State.Matrices...................................................... 443
22.4.1.2. Charge.Transfer.between.Dye.and.SMO....................................... 443
22.4.1.3. Conductive.SMO.Pathway...............................................................444
22.4.1.4. Hierarchical.Porous.3D.SMO.Network..........................................444
22.4.2. Gold.Surfaces........................................................................................................444
22.5.
Protein.Dynamics.at.Nanoscale.Surfaces..................................................................... 445
22.5.1.
Factors.That.Inluence.Protein.Structure.at.Surfaces.................................... 446
22.5.1.1.
Boundaries.Shaping.the.Interface................................................... 446
22.5.2.
Forces.at.the.Nano-Bio.Interface....................................................................... 446
22.5.2.1.
Ionic.Strengths................................................................................... 446
22.5.2.2.
Particle.Dissolution........................................................................... 448
427
