Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
18.3.2 Other Natural Antimicrobial Agents
A.novel.bactericidal.fabric.coating.with.potent.in.vitro.activity.against.meticillin-resistant.
S. aureus
.(MRSA).was.reported.by.O'Hanlon.and.Enright.
55
.A.new.N-halamine.precursor,.
3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspirol[4,5]decane-2,4-dione. (TTDD.
diol),.was.synthesized.and.bonded.onto.cotton.fabrics.using.a.1,2,3,4-butanetetracarbox-
ylic. acid. (BTCA). cross-linker. at. different. concentrations.
56
. The. coated. fabric. was. loaded.
with.various.amounts.of.chlorine.upon.exposure.to.dilute.household.bleach..The.biocidal.
tests. against.
S. aureus
. and.
E. coli
. showed. that. the. chlorine. loadings. and. surface. hydro-
phobicities.inluenced.the.antimicrobial.eficacies..Hashem.and.co-workers
57
.reported.on.
enhancing.antimicrobial.properties.of.dyed.and.inished.cotton.fabrics.where.1,2,3-ben-
zothiazole-7-thiocarboxylic.acid-S-methylester.(commercially.known.as.Actigard
®
.AM-87).
was. utilized. to. impart. cotton. fabric-durable. antimicrobial. properties.. The. cotton. fabric.
was.padded.with.6%.Actigard.in.aqueous.solution.at.pH.5..Treatment.of.cotton.fabric.with.
Actigard.turned.out.to.improve.its.antimicrobial.properties.toward.
S. aureus
and.
E. coli
,.
and.also.decreased.fabric.tensile.strength,.elongation.at.break,.roughness,.and.whiteness.
index,. while. both. wettability. and. the. crease. recovery. angle. remained. practically. intact..
Chitosan.was.also.used.to.increase.the.henna.dye.uptake.of.wool.fabric.and.signiicantly.
improved.the.antimicrobial.activity.of.the.dyes.
58
.These.fabrics.were.good.against.wash-
ing,.light,.and.perspiration,.yet.they.are.nontoxic.and.eco-friendly.
18.4 MethodforStabilizingNanoparticlesonTextileSurfaces
A. pilot-scale. sonochemical. coating. of. nanoparticles. onto. textiles. to. produce. biocidal.
fabrics. was. designed. by. Abramov. and. co-workers.
59
. This. pilot. system. could. coat. up. to.
50 m. of. continuous. cotton. fabric. per. run. with. CuO. or. ZnO. nanoparticles.. The. coating.
was.homogeneous,.stable,.and.retained.its.biocidal.properties.through.at.least.20.washing.
cycles..Microwave.curing.is.a.possible.alternative.to.conventional.curing.for.improving.the.
mechanical.properties.of.cross-linked.textile. materials.
60
.This.method.can.generate.heat.
uniformly.throughout.the.textile.substrate..Microwave.radiation.is.absorbed.by.molecules.
having. resonant. frequencies. in. the. microwave. spectral. region.. When. an. electric. ield. is.
applied. at. microwave. frequencies,. polar. molecules. rotate. to. align. their. dipole. moment.
with. the. charging. electric. ield.. Energy. is. absorbed. and. heat. is. generated. by. the. inter-
nal. friction. between. the. rotating. molecules.. A. new. microwave. curing. system. was. also.
developed.to.assist.cross-linking.of.cotton.fabric,.resulting.in.easy.care.and.antibacterial.
properties.
61
.Water-soluble.chitosan.can.also.be.incorporated.in.the.inishing.bath.in.order.
to. produce. the. antibacterial. activity. of. the. fabric.. Compared. to. the. conventional. curing.
system,. the. microwave. curing. system. was. found. to. be. advantageous. in. the. production.
of. cotton. fabrics. with. longer-lasting. antibacterial. properties. and. without. high. losses. in.
strength.properties.
Dastjerdi.and.co-workers
62
.also.presented.a.novel.idea.to.achieve.permanent.antibacte-
rial. activity. with. no. negative. effect. on. other. properties,. such. as. comfort. and. strength..
PET.fabric.samples.were.treated.with.cross-linkable.polysiloxane.in.various.ways:.simul-
taneously. or. after. treatment. with. various. concentrations. of. nanosized. colloidal. silver..
Antibacterial.activity.was.then.evaluated.and.compared.with.that.of.
K. pneumoniae
.and.
S.
aureus
according.to.AATCC.100.
