Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
18
Antimicro
bialNanomaterialsintheTextileIndustry
SukonPhanichphant
andSuriyaOunnunkad
MaterialsScienceResearchCenterandDepartmentofChemistry,Faculty
ofScience,ChiangMaiUniversity,ChiangMai,Thailand
CONTENTS
18.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 345
18.2. Antimicrobial.Agents...................................................................................................... 346
18.2.1. Silver.Nanoparticles........................................................................................... 346
18.2.2. Titanium.Dioxide.or.Titania.(TiO
2
).Nanoparticles........................................ 349
18.2.3. Other.Metallic.Oxides:.ZnO,.MgO,.CaO,.and.CeO
2
...................................... 350
18.3. Natural.Antimicrobial.Agents........................................................................................ 356
18.3.1. Chitosan.Coated.on.Cotton.Fabric................................................................... 356
18.3.2. Other.Natural.Antimicrobial.Agents.............................................................. 357
18.4. Method.for.Stabilizing.Nanoparticles.on.Textile.Surfaces......................................... 357
18.5. Mechanism.of.Action.of.Nanomaterials....................................................................... 358
18.6. Nanomaterial.Toxicity..................................................................................................... 358
18.7. Conclusions....................................................................................................................... 359
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................... 360
References..................................................................................................................................... 360
18.1 Introduction
Nanotechnology.is.an.emerging.interdisciplinary.technology.that.has.prospered.in.mate-
rials.science,.mechanics,.electronics,.and.aerospace.in.the.past.decade..Its.profound.societal.
impact.has.been.considered.a.huge.advance,.ushering.humanity.into.a.more.enlightened.
era.
1-3
The. fundamentals. of. nanotechnology. lie. in. the. fact. that. properties. of. substances. dra-
matically.change.when.their.size.is.reduced.to.the.nanometer.range..When.a.bulk.material.
is.divided.into.small.size.particles.with.one.or.more.dimensions.(length,.width,.or.thick-
ness).in.the.nanometer.range,.or.even.smaller,.the.individual.particles.exhibit.unexpected.
properties.different.from.those.of.the.bulk.material..It.is.known.that.atoms.and.molecules.
possess. totally. different. behaviors. than. those. of. bulk. materials:. while. the. properties. of.
the.former.are.described.by.quantum.mechanics,.the.properties.of.the.latter.are.governed.
by. classical. mechanics.. Between. these. two. distinct. domains,. the. nanometer. range. is. a.
murky.threshold.for.the.transition.of.a.material's.behavior..For.example,.ceramics,.which.
are. normally. brittle,. can. easily. be. made. deformable. when. their. grain. size. is. reduced. to.
the.low-nanometer.range..A.gold.particle.with.1.nm.diameter.shows.red.color..Moreover,.
a.small.amount.of.nanosized.species.can.interface.with.a.matrix.polymer.that.is.usually.
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