Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17.3 ResultsandDiscussion
A.method.for.the.production.of.multiple-element.magnetic.nanoparticles.(MMNs).from.
ly.ash.(waste.product.in.chimneys.of.iron.and.steel.factories).was.achieved.successfully.
through.the.following.steps:
.
1.. Wet.sieving.of.ly.ash.through.a.25.µm.sieve.and.drying.in.an.oven.(temperature.
of.100-110°C.for.55.min)
.
2.. Separation.of.magnetites.in.the.dry.product.through.a.magnetic.ield.(3.8.×.10
4
.G)
.
3.. Mixing.of.the.dried.magnetic.product.with.sodium.chloride.salt.(NaCl).(ratio:.1:10).
in.a.thin,.semispherical.ceramic.pot.and.stirring.thoroughly.to.provide.for.good.
dispersion
.
4.. Emptying.the.content.of.the.pot.into.another,.similar.pot.and.harvesting.the.mag-
netites.in.the.attached.ash.to.the.inner.surface.of.the.original.ceramic.pot.by.apply-
ing.a.permanent.magnet.of.3,000.G.to.the.outer.surface.of.the.pot
The. positive. aspects. of. the. method. were. that. it. did. not. use. water. for. the. production.
of. nanoparticles,. no. chemical. synthesis. was. conducted. for. the. preparation. of. MMNs,.
the. attached. dust. was. blown. away. by. jet. air. using. a. small. air. pump,. the. raw. materials.
needed.for.preparation.of.MMNs.were.only.table.salt.and.ly.ash,.which.are.available.in.
abundance,.a.permanent.magnet.block.(3,000.G).was.suficient.to.harvest.the.MMNs,.and.
sodium.chloride.(NaCl).was.the.only.compound.added.to.the.preparation.procedures,.as.
a.dispersion.and.dust.adsorption.agent.
TEM,.SEM,.and.atomic.absorption.were.used.for.characterization.of.the.sizes.and.chemi-
cal.components.of.MMNs..TEM.revealed.MMNs.dispersed.in.nanosize.dimensions.(≤100.
nm.diameter).(Figure 17.1)..The.elements.in.the.MMN.product.were.composed.mainly.of.
Fe.(55.738.ppm).and.zinc.(11.05.ppm).as.revealed.by.atomic.absorption.results..Scanning.
electron.microscope.results.verify.the.composition.of.the.MMNs.of.the.following.oxides:.
Fe.(27.28%),.Zn.(24.32%),.and.O
2
.(29.34%),.which.represent.the.total.amount.of.Fe.compo-
nents.(248.35).and.Zn.(122.39).(Table 17.1).
This.method.of.the.production.of.MMN.product.proves.that.MMNs.can.be.preserved.
for.long.periods.of.time.in.dry.conditions.without.any.additives,.preservatives,.or.modi-
ications..We.could.also.conclude.that.the.current.method.is.an.eficient.way.of.recycling.
waste.material.and.cleaning.up.the.environment..In.addition,.it.is.an.easy.and.fast,.and.
cheap.sources.of.ingredients.are.used.
The.MMNs.were.used.for.detecting.and.removing.bacterial.pathogens.in.water.samples.
when.mixing.MMNs.with.pathogen-contaminated.water.samples.to.form.bacterial.patho-
gen-MMN.complexes..Then.a.magnet.was.used.to.aggregate.the.bacterial.pathogen-MMN.
complexes..A.distinguished,.intact,.rod-shaped.bacterial.appearance.was.revealed.when.
control.growth.bacterial.suspension.was.viewed.under.a.TEM.(Figure 17.2)..MMNs.were.
attracted.and.captured.by.bacterial.cells.when.mixed.with.bacterial.suspension.as.viewed.
under.TEM.(Figure 17.3).
It.was.also.obvious.that.MMNs.improved.focusing.and.removed.staining.artifacts.when.
viewing.bacterial.cells.under.TEM,.compared.to.the.regularly.used.staining.methods.of.
bacterial.cells.(Figure 17.4a.and.b),.which.indicates.that.MMN.functions.by.itself.as.a.stain-
ing.means..Huge.MMN-bacterial.aggregates.were.revealed.by.TEM.when.taken.from.the.
