Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
16
Neural
Pr
osthesisFacilitatedbyNanotechnology
WentaiLiu,ZhiYang,andLinhHoang
UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,SantaCruz,California,USA
CONTENTS
16.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 313
16.2. Neural.Prosthesis.System.Characteristics.................................................................... 315
16.3. Overview.of.Visual.Prosthesis....................................................................................... 317
16.4. High-Density.Neural.Stimulation.................................................................................. 317
16.4.1. Challenges.of.High-Density.Retinal.Stimulation.......................................... 317
16.4.2. Mechanism.of.Neural.Stimulation.................................................................. 319
16.4.3. A.256-Channel.Epiretinal.Implant.................................................................. 320
16.5. Wireless.Power.Telemetry............................................................................................... 320
16.5.1. Coil.Model.and.Coil.Design.............................................................................. 320
16.5.2. Multiple.Power.Supplies.................................................................................... 322
16.6. Wireless.Data.Telemetry.................................................................................................. 323
16.7. Stimulator.and.Digital.Controller.................................................................................. 323
16.8. Benchtop.Testing.............................................................................................................. 325
16.9. Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 325
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................... 327
References..................................................................................................................................... 327
16.1 Introduction
Research.in.neural.prosthesis.has.progressed.rapidly.in.recent.years,.fueled.by.the.unique.
interdisciplinary. efforts. fusing. engineering,. medicine,. and. biology.. This. interdisciplin-
ary. research. requires. addressing. aspects. of. humanity. and. societal. impacts,. technical.
challenges.and.barriers,.targeting.a.wide.range.of.applications..These.applications.span.
understanding.highly.complex.biological.systems.to.treating.restoring/repairing.the.lost.
biological. functions,. such. as. deafness,. blindness,. and. paralysis,. to. building. a. human-
machine. interface. for. performance. enhancement. (super-person).. Neural. prosthetic. sys-
tems. will. offer. viable. solutions. to. neurodisorder. diseases,. which. potentially. affect. a.
very.large.population.of.people.worldwide,.and.thus.occupy.the.largest.market.share.in.
healthcare.
The.major.enabling.technology.for.implantable.neural.prosthetic.systems.includes.bio-
logical. recording,. stimulation,. biosignal. processing,. wireless. communication,. sensing,.
electrodes,.hermetic.packaging,.and.powering,.where.the.implants.must.deal.with.criti-
cal. constraints. of. size,. power,. reliability,. safety,. and. technology.. The. additional. hetero-
geneous.system.testing/measurements.under.the.regulatory. and.compliance.guidelines.
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