Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
14
ElectricFieldsforVaccineDelivery:How
in.Vivo
ElectroporationCouldFulill
the
Promi
seofDNAVaccines
AndrewY.Choo,AmirS.Khan,NiranjanY.Sardesai,andJ.JosephKim
InovioPharmaceuticals,BlueBell,Pennsylvania,USA
CONTENTS
14.1. Immunization:.A.Revolutionary.Approach.to.Treating.Diseases............................. 283
14.1.1. Types.of.Vaccines:.Advantages.and.Disadvantages...................................... 284
14.2. DNA.Vaccines................................................................................................................... 287
14.2.1. The.Birth.of.DNA.Vaccination.......................................................................... 287
14.2.2. Differences.between.Traditional.Vaccines.and.DNA.Vaccines................... 287
14.2.3. Early.Evaluation.of.DNA.Vaccines.in.Human............................................... 289
14.3. Electroporation.of.DNA.Vaccines.................................................................................. 290
14.3.1. Mechanism.of.Electroporation......................................................................... 290
14.3.2. Increased.Immunogenicity.with.Electroporation......................................... 290
14.3.3. Electroporation.of.DNA.Vaccines.Increases.Immunogenicity.in.
Larger.Animals................................................................................................... 292
14.3.4. Clinical.Trials.with.DNA.Vaccines.Delivered.with.Electroporation.......... 293
14.4. Emerging.Trends.with.DNA.Vaccination.with.Electroporation.and.Its.
Potential.Implications...................................................................................................... 296
14.4.1. Maximizing.Both.the.Prophylactic.and.Therapeutic.Properties.of.
DNA.Vaccines..................................................................................................... 296
14.4.2. Developing.Multicomponent.and.Universal.Vaccines.................................. 296
14.5. Where.Do.We.Go.from.Here?......................................................................................... 297
14.5.1. Improvements.in.the.Electroporation.Process............................................... 297
14.5.2. Increasing.Patient.Tolerability.of.Electroporation......................................... 297
14.5.3. A.Fundamental.Change.in.DNA.Vaccines:.Electroporation.and.
Vaccine.Development.Go.Hand.in.Hand........................................................ 298
References..................................................................................................................................... 299
14.1 Immunization:ARevolutionaryApproachtoTreatingDiseases
One.of.the.greatest.achievements.in.modern.medicine.has.been.the.development.of.vac-
cines.that.provide.immunity.against.pathogens.by.stimulating.the.body's.immune.sys-
tem.to.recognize.an.agent.as.foreign.and.by.developing.“memory”.immune.responses.
to.reduce.the.severity.of.or.prevent.subsequent.infections..This.concept.of.introducing.
the. immune. system. to. agents. that. mimic. speciic. pathogens. was. demonstrated. over.
283
