Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
13
ThinkBig,ThenShrink:Low-Cost,
Ultra-RapidTunableNanowrinkles
from
Shap
eMemoryPolymers
AaronChen,HimanshuSharma,DiepNguyen,Soroush
M.MirzaeiZarandi,andMichelleKhine
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,California,USA
CONTENTS
13.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 267
13.2. Fabrication.and.Characterization.of.Nanowrinkles.................................................... 269
13.3. Immunoassay.Development.Using.Nanowrinkles..................................................... 272
13.4. Better.Shrinkage.Than.Polystyrene.Sheet.................................................................... 275
References..................................................................................................................................... 279
13.1 Introduction
To. translate. technological. advances. from. the. laboratory. into. deployable. point. of. care.
(POC).diagnostics.to.detect.infectious.diseases.in.developing.countries,.it.is.necessary.to.
develop.a.robust,.low-cost,.and.highly.sensitive.quantitative.bioassay.platform..The.per-
sistent. chasm. between. academic. prototyping. and. real-world. solutions. must. be. bridged.
by.developing.a.versatile.and.ield-rugged.platform.technology.that.is.widely.deployable.
throughout.the.poorest.areas.of.the.world..The.technology.has.to.be.sensitive.and.robust.
enough. to. be. eficacious. in. detecting. speciic. infections. at. their. very. onset.. The. entire.
system. must. be. simple. to. use. and. extremely. inexpensive.. Detection. strategies. adequate.
for.the.laboratory,.including.expensive.high-powered.lasers.and.detector.systems,.have.no.
place.in.the.ield..One.of.the.popular.methods.to.reduce.the.need.for.costly.instruments.
and.maintain.accuracy.and.sensitivity.in.diagnostics.is.the.advance.in.microluidics.and.
lab-on-a-chip.(LOC).technologies.
The. analytical. ield. of. LOC. has. been. widely. applied. to. medical. diagnostics.
1-6
. This.
ield.is.based.on.the.premise.of.shrinking.the.entire.laboratory.onto.a.miniaturized.and.
integrated.micro.total.analysis.system.(µTAS)..Due.to.the.size.of.the.chip.and.often.micro-
scaled. channels. embedded. in. the. chip,. the. advantages. of. this. technology. include. faster.
reaction.time,.less.reagent.consumption,.and.lower.capital.equipment.costs..Applications.
of. these. technologies. include,. to. name. a. few,. continuously. fractionating. components. of.
blood,
7-11
.nucleic.acid.extraction.upstream.of.polymerase.chain.reaction.(PCR),
12
.and.puri-
ication.of.small.molecules.upstream.of.an.immunoassay.
13,14
.Furthermore,.areas.such.as.
267
