Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.2
Classiica
tion.of.Nanoparticles
Dimensio
nandMorphology
Composition
1D
Nanowires
.................
Organic.
Synthetic.polymeric
Organic.
Biological.polymeric
1D
Nanotubes.
.........
Organic.
Liposomal
Inorganic.
Ceramic
1D
Nanoibers
Inorganic.
Carbon
Inorganic.
Metallic
2D
Films.and.surface
coatings. .
PreparationApproach
Top-down.
Molded.structures
2D
Thick.membranes.with
nanopores. .
Top-down.
Etched.structures
Bottom-up.
Layer.by.layer
3D
Nanospheres..
Bottom-up.
SAMs
3D
Nanocapsules. .
Bottom-up.
Liposomes
Bottom-up.
Surface.coats
3D
Irregular
nanoparticles.
.................
*
.
SAMs:.self.assembled.monolayers
targeted.delivery.after.appropriate.surface.modiications.
35
.Well-known.examples.
of.polymeric.nanoparticles.used.in.nanobiotechnology.are.made.of.poly(lactide).
and. poly(glycolide). and. their. copolymers.
36,37
. In. addition,. poly(ε-caprolactone).
(PCL),. gelatin,. and. chitosan. are. also. widely. used. in. nanobiotechnology.
28
. The.
major.advantage.of.these.degradable.polymers.is.that.they.are.mostly.biocompat-
ible.and.are.metabolized.and.cleared.from.the.body.via.regular.pathways.
.
.
There.are.two.main.methods.of.production.of.polymeric.nanoparticles:
38
•. Dispersion.of.preformed.polymers
− Solvent.evaporation.method
− Spontaneous.emulsiication/solvent.diffusion.method
− Salting.out/emulsiication-diffusion.method
− Supercritical.luid.technology
− Ionic.gelation
•. Polymerization.of.monomers
− Anionic.polymerization
− Cationic.polymerization
