Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
NanotechnologyinBiomaterials:
Nanoiber
sinTissueEngineering
DenizYucel,HalimeKenar,AlbanaNdreu,TugbaEndoğan,
NesrinHasirci,andVasifHasirci
BIOMATEN,CenterofExcellenceinBiomaterialsandTissusEngineering,andDepartments
ofBiologicalSciencesandChemistry,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,Ankara,Turkey
CONTENTS
10.1. Biomaterials....................................................................................................................... 195
10.2. Tissue.Engineering........................................................................................................... 196
10.3. Importance.of.Nano/Microibrous.Scaffolds............................................................... 199
10.4. Fabrication.of.Nano/Microibrous.Scaffolds................................................................ 199
10.5. Nano/Microibers.in.Tissue.Engineering.Applications............................................. 201
10.5.1. Bone.Tissue.Engineering................................................................................... 201
10.5.2. Nerve.Tissue.Engineering................................................................................. 207
10.5.3. Cardiac.Muscle.Tissue.Engineering................................................................ 214
References..................................................................................................................................... 218
10.1 Biomaterials
Devices. made. of. synthetic. or. natural. materials. have. been. used. in. the. medical. area. and.
introduced.into.the.human.body.to.improve.human.health.since.ancient.times..Romans,.
Chinese,. and. Aztecs. used. gold. wires. in. dentistry. more. than. 2,000. years. ago.. Ancient.
Egyptians. and. Greeks. sutured. wounds. with. plant. ibers. and. animal-derived. materials.
and.used.wood.for.prosthetic.limbs..Since.then,.scientists.have.continued.their.research.to.
ind.bioactive.agents.to.cure.illnesses.and.to.improve.the.quality.of.human.life.by.using.
artiicial.prostheses.
There. are. various. deinitions. of. biomaterials. expressed. in. different. ways. given. in. the.
literature,. but. more. or. less. they. have. the. same. meaning.. One. of. the. very. early. deini-
tions. came. from. the. Clemson. University. Advisory. Board. for. Biomaterials. (1976),. which.
described.a.biomaterial.as.“a.systemically.and.pharmacologically.inert.substance.designed.
for.implantation.within.or.incorporation.with.living.systems”.(Park,.1981)..Another.def-
inition. of. biomaterials. is. “materials. of. synthetic. as. well. as. of. natural. origin. in. contact.
with. tissue,. blood,. and. biological. luids,. and. intended. for. use. for. prosthetic,. diagnostic,.
therapeutic,. and. storage. applications. without. adversely. affecting. the. living. organism.
and.its.components”.(Bruck,.1980)..Biomaterials.can.be.deined.as.materials.to.be.used.to.
195
