Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cycle of Infection and Replication
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
Envelope removal
Virus entry
4. Transcription
1. Adsorption
Synthesis of mRNAs
Receptors and virion
interaction
5. Translation
Synthesis of structural proteins
Host cell receptors
6. Processing
9. Budding
Complete virions
8. Assembly
7. Replication
Production of genomic RNA
FIGURE 7.1
Schematic. depicting. the. steps. in. the. cycle. of. virus. infection. and. replication.. (Reproduced. from. the. CDC.
website:.http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/virus.html.)
viral. particles,. and. (8). budding. or. release. of. mature. virus.. The. current. antiviral. drugs.
approved. by. the. U.S.. FDA. and. international. regulatory. agencies. exploit. many. of. these.
targets. as. their. mechanisms. of. action.. As. depicted. in. Figure 7.1,. there. are. a. number.
of. mechanisms. by. which. antiviral. agents. can. inhibit. viral. infection,. replication,. and.
maturation. and. release.. Table 7.1. summarizes. many. of. the. currently. available. antiviral.
TABLE 7.1
Antiviral.Therapeutic.Targets
InfectiousEvent
MolecularTarget
TherapeuticClass
Examples
Cell.binding.and.
infection.
Cell.surface.receptors
Attachment.sites
Fusion/entry.inhibitors,.
antibodies
Fuzeon,.Marovic,.(HIV),.
XTL/Cubist.HepexB,.
Rimantidine.(inluenza)
Genome.replication
Reverse-transcriptase.(RT)
Integrase
Viral.polymerases
Nucleoside.(NRTI)
Nonnucleoside.(NNRTI)
Integrase.inhibitors
Nucleoside.analogues
Nevirapine,.zidovudine,.
cytarabine,.lamivudine,.
zalcitabine,.stavudine,.
others
Processing
HIV.protease
Protease.inhibitors
Atazanavir,.fosamprenavir,.
tipranavir,.saquinavir,.
indinavir,.ritonavir,.
nelinavir,.amprenavir,.
lopinavir
Budding
HIV
Flu.neuraminidase
Budding.inhibitors
N.inhibitors
Panacos.PA-457,.TamiFlu,.
Relenza,.Peramivir
