Validation of Predictive Dynamics Tasks - Human Motion Simulation: Predictive Dynamics - page 215

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Participants

FIGURE 9.7
Normalized rating scores of 13 participants evaluating the predicted and experimental
walking.

and one was animated using predicted data. Figure 9.7 shows a comparison of the
rating scores. The p-value of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was 0.0215. The
exact p-value (p-value 0.133) calculated from binominal distribution indicates

that the percentage of people who thought the simulated walking was normal was
not significantly less than 50%.
For the second benchmark, Figure 9.8A shows that the predicted determinant-
curve shapes for walking have general shapes that closely follow the individual
10 subjects. Figure 9.8B demonstrates the coupling strength between one of the
predicted determinants—hip flexion, for example—with other WD. As shown in
Figure 9.8B , the predicted hip determinant almost captured the strong coupling
between the determinants of the natural subjects.
Figure 9.8A demonstrates a comparison between the velocity of the walking
determinants of the 10 subjects and the model. As shown in the figure, the shape
of the predicted model velocity is, in general terms, similar to that of the subjects.
However, there are fewer local fluctuations in the predicted WD.
Calculated acceleration ( Figure 9.9B ) has shown behavior similar to that of
the velocity depicted in Figure 9.9A ; however, more local fluctuations
appeared in the experimental curves as a result of the finite difference calcula-
tions. For kinetics, Figure 9.10 shows the experimental and predicted vertical
and forward ground reaction forces during walking. As indicated in the figure,
the predicted model showed comparable characteristics to those of the experi-
mental data.

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