Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
12
Flow
Through The Ki
dney
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.
Describe the physiology and the anatomy
of the kidneys
2.
Explain the unique characteristics of the
renal circulation
3.
Identify the functional unit of the kidney
4.
Evaluate the flow through a nephron
5.
Model the forces that alter glomerular
filtration
6.
Examine the feedback mechanisms within
glomerular filtration
7.
Calculate the filtered load for various
metabolically important compounds
8.
Distinguish between tubule reabsorption
and secretion
9.
Examine the mechanisms for tubule
reabsorption
10.
Formulate a function for the amount of a
particular substance excreted
11.
Compare feedback mechanisms for sodium
absorption
12.
Use compartmental analysis to describe the
movement of solutes throughout the
nephron
13.
Model multi-compartment systems
14.
Describe extracorporeal flows
15.
Discuss disease conditions that commonly
affect the kidney
12.1 KIDNEY PHYSIOLOGY
The kidneys perform two critical functions for the body. The first is the removal of met-
abolic waste products, foreign particles, and metabolites from the body. If the kidneys are
functioning properly, the removal of these waste products should occur as fast as they are
being generated through cellular metabolism, so that there is no buildup of toxins within
the body. The second critical function that the kidneys perform is the maintenance of the
water volume within the body and the regulation of the concentration of physiologically
important molecules within the body fluids. This is maintained as a balance between what
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