Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
11
L
ubrication of Join
ts
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.
Explain the structure of bones
9.
Construct a restricted diffusion coefficient
based on the molecular weight of a
polymer within solution
2.
Describe the molecular composition of
bones
10.
Calculate the flux of species through the
synovial membrane
3.
Differentiate between the four bone cell
types and identify the function of each
type of bone cell
11.
Solve for the forces acting on bones and
within joints under particular loading
conditions
4.
Model the Haversian canal system within
long bones
12.
Examine the stress and strain bones can
experience under loading conditions
5.
Classify different types of joints found
within the skeletal system
13.
Relate loading conditions to the formation
of synovial fluid within joints
6.
Discuss the function of cartilage
7.
Describe the function and formation of
synovial fluid
14.
Describe disease conditions that are related
to the skeletal system
8.
Model the flow of synovial fluid through a
joint
11.1 SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY
In this section, we will briefly describe the structure of bones and then move quickly
into the structure of common joints, which use a biological lubricant to facilitate motion.
All of the bones in the body are divided into two groups. The first group is the axial skele-
ton, consisting of 80 bones that compose the skull, the rib cage, and the vertebral column.
The second group is the appendicular skeleton, which consists of the remaining 126 bones
within the body. These bones are found in the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle, the upper
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