Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
10
Int
raocular Fluid Fl
ow
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.
Describe the physiology of the eye
7.
Describe the flow of aqueous humor
through the eye
2.
Identify regions within the eye that are
filled with fluid
8.
Calculate the flow of aqueous humor
through regions of the eye
3.
Discuss how the eye senses light intensity
and the wavelength of light
9.
Evaluate intraocular pressure and describe
what regulates intraocular pressure
4.
Evaluate the mechanism for aqueous
humor formation
10.
Model the time-dependent changes in
intraocular pressure
5.
Explain aquaporins and their function
within the body
11.
Identify common ways to measure
intraocular pressure
6.
Model the flow through aquaporin
channels
12.
Discuss common disease conditions that
affect the eye
10.1 EYE PHYSIOLOGY
The eye is part of the specialized senses and it is an extremely versatile and sensitive
visual instrument. The eye is spherical, with an average diameter of 24 mm, and is located
within the eye socket of the skull (also termed the orbit). Also within the orbit are the
extrinsic eye muscles, which control the movement of the eye; the optic nerve; the blood
vessels, which provide the eye with nutrients and removal of wastes; and fat tissue, which
acts to support and cushion the eye (
Figure 10.1
). The exterior wall of the eye is composed
of three layers. The first layer of the eye (most exterior layer) is termed the fibrous tunic,
and it consists of the sclera and the cornea. The primary functions of the fibrous tunic are
to provide the mechanical support for the eye, to provide a location for extrinsic muscle
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