Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
cells should be developed and included within the solution method. In general, the bending
moments and the extension ratios of the cells can be defined as
G
ð
K
1
1
ν
K
2
Þ
M
1
5
λ
2
G
ð
K
2
1
ν
K
1
Þ
M
2
5
λ
1
3
1
E
5
ðλ
2
λ
1
Þ
T
1
5
T
O
1
2
λ
2
3
2
E
ðλ
2
λ
2
Þ
T
2
T
O
5
1
2
λ
1
respectively. To make the modeling of blood cell-wall interactions more complicated, proba-
bility functions that describe the expression of cell surface receptors need to be developed.
In general, the surface density of these receptors is dependent on various stimuli within the
fluid phase.
6.11
Disease conditions that are common within the microcirculation are shock and edema.
Shock occurs after there is a massive loss of blood which can lead to a significant decrease in
blood pressure and a decrease in nutrient exchange. Edema is a condition in which there is
excessive fluid accumulation within the interstitial space, either because the lymphatic sys-
tem is not collecting the excess fluid or because too much fluid is leaving the blood vessel.
HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
6.1
The blood vessels that play the most important role in regulating the blood flow through
microvascular networks are the
(a)
arteries
(b)
arterioles
(c)
true capillaries
(d)
venules
(e)
veins
6.2
The exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes occur only through what type of blood
vessels? Why?
6.3
There are four forces that affect the movement of water through the capillary wall. The net
osmotic pressure forces water (into, out of) the capillary wall. What is the major constituent
of the osmotic force?
6.4
Discuss the primary forces that cause water movement out of the capillary along the arterial
end and into the capillary along the venous end.
6.5
There are two major mechanisms that control the blood flow through tissues. Which of
these mechanisms is rapid, and which is more long term? Do both mechanisms have the
same net effect?
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