Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
FIGURE 2.34
Venus flytrap (
Dionaea muscipula
). (a), (b), (c) A plant capable of rapid nastic
deployment and movement based on its trigger hair; (d) digital sensing and an IPMNC gold
strip (1 cm
×
6 cm
×
0.3 mm) performing similar rapid closure (e), (f), (g) under a dynamic
voltage of 4 V.
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 2.35
Migration
of lithium cations to the surface on the cathode electrode side
of a cantilever sample of IPMNC. (a) Sample bent downward, lithium ions appearing on
the surface. (b) Sample bent upward with lithium ions disappearing by migration to the
other side.
The first observation on circulatory migration of chemicals to boundary surfaces
of ionic polymer metal nanocomposite samples occurred in 2000 in the Artificial
Muscle Research Institute at University of New Mexico. Shahinpoor and Kim (2002j)
reported these observations in connection with such a circulatory system enabling
sensing and actuation by creating internal pressure change and causing internal
hydraulic actuation. One could consistently observe the color of the surface on the
cathode side of a cantilever sample of IPMNC changed with the application of a
step electric field. Figure 2.35 depicts one such experiment.
