Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
View angle
Light angle
View angle
Light angle
x 0.200
µ
m/div
z 50.000
µ
m/div
x 0.200
µ
m/div
z 80.000
µ
m/div
0 deg.
0 deg.
µ
m
µ
M
Nano scope
Scan size
Set point
Scan rate
Number of samples
TH_AFM
10.00
µ
m
-2.000 V
2.906 Hz
512
Nano scope
Scan size
Set point
Scan rate
Number of samples
TH_AFM
30.00
µ
m
-2.000 V
2.906 Hz
512
View angle
Light angle
View angle
Light angle
µ
m
µ
m
x 2.000
µ
m/div
z 500.000
µ
m/div
x 10.000
µ
m/div
z 1.000
µ
m/div
0 deg.
0 deg.
FIGURE 2.7
An atomic force microscopy surface analysis image taken on the functionally
graded composite surface electrodes of some typical IPMNCs shown in figure 2.1. The
scanned area is 1
. The brighter/darker area corresponds to a peak/valley depth of 50 nm.
The surface analysis image has a view angle set at 22
µ
m
2
°
.
7.00 nm
70.00 nm
FIGURE 2.8
TEM micrographs of IPMNC (left: Pt particles; right: a Pt particle).
transport:
ion transport
(with a current density,
J
, normal to the material) and
electro-
phoretic solvent transport
we can assume that this term is water flux.)
The conjugate forces include the electric field,
. (With a flux,
Q,
E
, and the pressure gradient, -
∇
p
.
The resulting equation has the concise form of
