Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Successive recruitment can be described as follows. The smallest motor unit
(MU-1) is recruited first—usually at an initial frequency ranging from about 5 to
13 Hz. Tension increases as MU-1 fires more rapidly until a certain tension is
reached; at this point MU-2 is recruited. Here, MU-2 starts firing at its initial low
rate and further tension is achieved by the increased firing of MU-1 and MU-2. At
a certain tension, MU-1 will reach its maximum firing range (15-60 Hz) and will
therefore be generating its maximum tension. This process of increasing tension
reaching new thresholds and recruiting another larger motor unit continues until
maximum voluntary contraction is reached. At that point, all motor units will be
firing at their maximum frequencies.
For a thorough review of mammalian muscle mechanics, see the following
sources:
Baratta, R. V., B. H. Zhou, and M. Solomonow. 1989. Frequency response
model of skeletal muscle: Effect of perturbation level and control strategy.
27:337-345.
Bawa, P., and R. B. Stein. 1976. Frequency response of human soleus muscle
Med. Biol. Eng. Computing
.
. 39:788-793.
Bobet, J., and R. B. Stein. 1998. A simple model of force generation by
skeletal muscle during dynamic isometric contractions.
J. Neurophysiol
IEEE Trans.
. 45:1010-1016.
Bobet, J., R. B. Stein, and M. N. Oguztoreli. 1993. A linear time-varying
model of force generation in skeletal muscle.
Biomed. Eng
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng
.
40:1000-1006.
Ding, J., S. A. Binder-Macleod, and A. S. Wexler. 1998. Two-step, predictive,
isometric force model tested on data from human and rat muscles.
J. Appl.
. 85:2176-2189.
Ding, J., A. S. Wexler, and S. A. Binder-Macleod. 2000. A predictive model
of fatigue in human skeletal muscles.
Physiol
. 89:1322-1332.
———. 2000. Development of a mathematical model that predicts optimal
muscle activation patterns by using brief trains.
J. Appl. Physiol
J. Appl. Physiol
.
88:917-925.
———. 2002. A mathematical model that predicts the force-frequency rela-
tionship of human skeletal muscle.
Muscle Nerve
26:477-485.
Hill, A. V. 1970.
First and last experiments in muscle mechanics
. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Inbar, G. F., and D. Adam. 1976. Estimation of muscle active state.
Biol.
. 23:61-72.
McMahon, T. A. 1984.
Cybern
Muscles, reflexes, and locomotion
. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
Perumal, R., A. S. Wexler, J. Ding, and S. A. Binder-Macleod. 2002. Modeling
the length dependence of isometric force in human quadriceps muscles.
J.
. 35:919-930.
Wexler, A. S., J. Ding, and S. A. Binder-Macleod. 1997. A mathematical
model that predicts skeletal muscle force.
Biomech
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng
.
44:337-348.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search