Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
100
80
7 V
60
40
3 V
20
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Time (sec)
FIGURE 4.107
Force generation depending upon time with voltage change.
TABLE 4.9
Test Results
Applied voltage
Generative force
Pretension
Time dependency
3 V
51 gf
21 gf
0.034 gf/sec
7 V
90 gf
19 gf
0.079 gf/sec
Two voltages of 3 and 7 V were applied, respectively. Figure 4.107 depicts the
forces generated. As can be seen, the generated forces increased nearly linearly as
a function of time. The result was 90 and 51 gf for 7 and 3 V, respectively.
The gradients were 0.034 gf/sec for 3 V with ignorable temperature change and
0.079 gf/sec for 7 V with a 5
C). Approximately
21- and 19-gf pretension was added in the 3- and 7-V experiments, respectively.
Table 4.9 summarizes the test results. The test sample was composed of a 30-PAN-
fiber bundle of 0.4 g with length of 175 mm.
Figure 4.108 shows behavior of PAN muscle when polarity is switched. The polarity
was changed two times at 10 and 18 min. The force was increased at the rate of
0.05 gf/sec, decreased at the rate of -0.04 gf/sec with delay of time from the moment
that the polarity was changed, and then resumed to increase at the rate of 0.07
gf/sec, also with time delay. We applied 5 V to the system. Temperature was changed
from 23 to 25
°
C temperature rising (from 25 to 30
°
°
C. Discontinuity was observed at the moment that the polarity was
changed.
Additional force testing was performed on an electroactivated PAN fiber bundle
as depicted in figure 4.109. Dimensions and other test environments were identical
to the previous test. An aluminum foil electrode embraced a single PAN fiber. Alu-
minum foil was used because of easy fabrication. This figure shows the experimental
