Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
8
7
Sample-C (Pt/Au)
Sample-B (Pt/Au)
Sample-A (Pt/Au)
Step input, 1/2 Hz
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
E
app
(V)
8
7
Sample-C (Pt)
6
Sample-B (Pt)
Sample-A (Pt)
5
Sample-A (Pt/Au)
4
Sample-B (Pt/Au)
3
Sample-A
(Pt/Au)
2
1
0
Sample
FIGURE 3.43
Measured blocking forces (top) and surface resistance of IPMNC samples
prepared (bottom). The standard sample size is 5
0.2 mm. The process information is
given in terms of particles used, platinum, and the final electroded material, gold.
×
10
×
artificial muscle fabricated in this manner. The typical measured impedance plot
should show the imaginary part against the real part at different frequencies of AC.
Note in figure 3.46 that the silver layer was electrochemically deposited onto the
Pt particle electrode that had been chemically composited. The silver layer is the bright
metal electrode with a typical thickness of silver approximately 1-2
m. Therefore,
the surface resistance is significantly reduced. Platinum particles are usually formed
in dark black. Note that PIEM stands for perfluorinated ion-exchange membrane.
In figure 3.47, the measured platinum x-ray counts across the membrane are
provided in terms of
N
x
(=
C
o
/
C
i
) along with a typical x-ray spectrum. Notations
C
i
and
C
o
represent x-ray counts at the interface and ones within the membrane,
µ
