Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
7 Summary and Outlook
The above examples show that aromatic units are attractive building blocks for the
construction of various 3D networks. The size, shape, flexibility, and function of 3D
aromatic networks can be controlled by the geometry, number, and connection site
of aromatic units in addition to the length, direction, and freedom of linker moieties.
Small aromatic networks are good models for the evaluation of transannular
interactions involving
p
p
and C-H
p
interactions between aromatic units, and
occasionally include small metal
p
interactions as observed for spheriphane derivatives. Typical large aromatic
networks are cage compounds having shape-persistent 3D frameworks. Such
compounds tend to include various guest molecules in inner cavities. The inner
space is also applicable to the threading of other frameworks to construct topologi-
cally fascinating interlocked molecular systems. Traditionally, complicated
networks have been synthesized by cyclization of acyclic precursors via several
steps and the overall yield was not always high. Nowadays there are several
examples of self-assembled or spontaneous formation of complicated networks
from simple building units. These intelligent approaches to 3D networks depend
on principles based on the geometry of aromatic units and linkers. Further optimi-
zation of the principle and conditions will enable the construction of very compli-
cated systems including high-ordered topological isomers. Some 3D networks that
are structurally related to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are potential
intermediates for the total synthesis of such all-carbon compounds. Because of
these structural and electronic features, novel 3D aromatic networks will be attrac-
tive research targets in organic chemistry and related areas including supramolecu-
lar chemistry and material chemistry.
ions in their cavities to increase cation
References
1. Hopf H (2000) Classics in hydrocarbon chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Chap. 12)
2. Klauk H (ed) (2006) Organic electronics: materials, manufacturing, and applications.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
3. M¨ llen K, Scherf U (eds) (2006) Organic light emitting devices: synthesis, properties and
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
4. Balzani V, Credi A, Venturi M (eds) (2008) Molecular devices and machines: concepts and
perspectives for the nanoworld. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
5. M¨ ller TJ, Bunz UHF (eds) (2007) Functional organic materials: syntheses, strategies and
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
6. Astruc D (ed) (2002) Modern arene chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
7. Harvey RG (1997) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wiley-VCH, New York
8. Gutsche CD (ed) (2008) Calixarenes: an introduction, 2nd edn. RSC, Cambridge
9. Diederich F, Stang PJ, Tykwinski RR (eds) (2005) Acetylene chemistry. Chemistry, biology
and material science. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
10. Hopf H (2000) Classics in hydrocarbon chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Chap. 15.2)
11. Toyota S (2010) Chem Rev 110:5398
