Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
3 Cyclophanes with Saturated Carbon Linkers ............................................... 117
3.1 Naphthalenophanes .................................................................... 118
3.2 Anthracenophanes . . ................................................................... 118
4 Aromatic Macrocycles with Acetylene Linkers . ........................................... 119
4.1 Benzene Macrocycles . ................................................................ 119
4.2 Naphthalene Macrocycles ............................................................. 121
4.3 Anthracene Macrocycles .............................................................. 121
5 Cage Type Aromatic Networks ............................................................. 123
5.1 Cage Networks with Covalent Linkers . . . . . .......................................... 124
5.2 Cage Networks with Coordination Linkers .......................................... 127
5.3 Cage Networks with Hydrogen Bonds . . ............................................. 130
6 Topologically Fascinating Aromatic Networks . . . . . . . . . ................................... 130
6.1 Catenanes . ............................................................................. 131
6.2 Other Topological Isomers ............................................................ 135
7 Summary and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Abbreviations
Bu Butyl
CD Circular dichroism
Cp Cyclopentadienyl
dppp 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
ESI Electrospray ionization
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
i
Pr Isopropyl
MALDI-TOF Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight
trityl
Triphenylmethyl
1
Introduction
Aromatic units are fascinating building blocks for the construction of three-
dimensional (3D) molecular structures because of their rigid panel-like shapes.
There are several approaches to the construction of 3D structures from two-
dimensional (2D) planar aromatic units. As mentioned in the previous chapters,
the deformation of aromatic units into nonplanar structures, such as twisted, curved,
and bowl structures, is a common approach to increase the dimensions [
1
]. Another
promising approach is to connect multiple planar aromatic units to each other with
linkers to form
networks
, i.e., interconnected systems. This chapter discusses such
3D aromatic networks consisting of several aromatic units and linkers. An advan-
tage of this molecular design is that higher-ordered or complex structures can be
constructed from one or a few simple building unit(s), yielding architectures of
various sizes, shapes, packings, and flexibilities. Aromatic compounds occasionally
have interesting properties arising from delocalized conjugated
-systems, and
some compounds have been applied to functional materials such as electronic
p
