Graphics Programs Reference
In-Depth Information
@W @v @| AO B/ B0 BO Bz C( D8 D> E8 EZ F@ G& G? Gj Gy H4 I@ J JN JT JU Jh Jq
Ks Ku M) M{ N, N: NC NF NQ Ny O/ O[ P9 Pc Q! QA Qi Qv RA Sg Sv T0 Te U& U> UO
VT V[ V] Vc Vg Vi W: WG X" X6 XZ X` Xp YT YV Y^ Yl Yy Y{ Za [$ [* [9 [m [z \" \
+ \C \O \w ]( ]: ]@ ]w _K _j `q a. aN a^ ae au b: bG bP cE cP dU d] e! fI fv g!
gG h+ h4 hc iI iT iV iZ in k. kp l5 l` lm lq m, m= mE n0 nD nQ n~ o# o: o^ p0
p1 pC pc q* q0 qQ q{ rA rY s" sD sz tK tw u- v$ v. v3 v; v_ vi vo wP wt x" x&
x+ x1 xQ xX xi yN yo zO zP zU z[ z^ zf zi zr zt {- {B {a |s }) }+ }? }y ~L ~m
Filtering possible plaintext bytes for the last two characters:
only 1 vector of 4: 3821 plaintext pairs, with 42.34% saturation
vectors 1 AND 2 merged: 1677 plaintext pairs, with 18.58% saturation
first 3 vectors merged: 713 plaintext pairs, with 7.90% saturation
all 4 vectors merged: 297 plaintext pairs, with 3.29% saturation
Possible plaintext pairs for the last two bytes:
! & != !H !I !K !P !X !o !~ "r "{ "} #% #0 $5 $] %K %M %T &" &% &( &0 &4 &I
&q &} 'B 'Q 'd )j )w *I *] *e *j *k *o *w *| +B +W ,' ,J ,V -z . .$ .T /' /_
0Y 0i 0s 1! 1= 1l 1v 2- 2/ 2g 2k 3n 4K 4Y 4\ 4y 5- 5M 5O 5} 6+ 62 6E 6j 7* 74
8E 9Q 9\ 9a 9b :8 :; :A :H :S :w ;" ;& ;L <L <m <r <u =, =4 =v >v >x ?& ?` ?j
?w @0 A* B B@ BT C8 CF CJ CN C} D+ D? DK Dc EM EQ FZ GO GR H) Hj I: I> J( J+
J3 J6 Jm K# K) K@ L, L1 LT N* NW N` O= O[ Ot P: P\ Ps Q- Qa R% RJ RS S3 Sa T!
T$ T@ TR T_ Th U" U1 V* V{ W3 Wy Wz X% X* Y* Y? Yw Z7 Za Zh Zi Zm [F \( \3 \5 \
_ \a \b \| ]$ ]. ]2 ]? ]d ^[ ^~ `1 `F `f `y a8 a= aI aK az b, b- bS bz c( cg dB
e, eF eJ eK eu fT fW fo g( g> gW g\ h$ h9 h: h@ hk i? jN ji jn k= kj l7 lo m<
m= mT me m| m} n% n? n~ o oF oG oM p" p9 p\ q} r6 r= rB sA sN s{ s~ tX tp u
u2 uQ uU uk v# vG vV vW vl w* w> wD wv x2 xA y: y= y? yM yU yX zK zv {# {) {=
{O {m |I |Z }. }; }d ~+ ~C ~a
Building probability vectors...
Cracking remaining 85239 possibilites..
Password : h4R%
reader@hacking:~/booksrc $
These programs are proof-of-concept hacks, which take advantage of the
bit diffusion provided by hash functions. There are other time-space trade-off
attacks, and some have become quite popular. RainbowCrack is a popular
tool, which has support for multiple algorithms. If you want to learn more,
consult the Internet.
0x770
Wireless 802.11b Encryption
Wireless 802.11b security has been a big issue, primarily due to the absence
of it. Weaknesses in
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
, the encryption method
used for wireless, contribute greatly to the overall insecurity. There are other
details, sometimes ignored during wireless deployments, which can also lead
to major vulnerabilities.
The fact that wireless networks exist on layer 2 is one of these details.
If the wireless network isn't VLANed off or firewalled, an attacker associated
to the wireless access point could redirect all the wired network traffic out
over the wireless via ARP redirection. This, coupled with the tendency to
hook wireless access points to internal private networks, can lead to some
serious vulnerabilities.
