PROGRAMMING - Hacking: The Art of Exploitation - page 15

The example statement consisting of the two smaller conditions joined
with OR logic will fire true if a is less than b , OR if a is less than c . Similarly,
the example statement consisting of two smaller comparisons joined with
AND logic will fire true if a is less than b AND a is not less than c . These
statements should be grouped with parentheses and can contain many
different variations.
Many things can be boiled down to variables, comparison operators, and
control structures. Returning to the example of the mouse searching for food,
hunger can be translated into a Boolean true/false variable. Naturally, 1
means true and 0 means false.
While (hungry == 1)
{
Find some food;
Eat the food;
}
Here's another shorthand used by programmers and hackers quite
often. C doesn't really have any Boolean operators, so any nonzero value is
considered true, and a statement is considered false if it contains 0. In fact,
the comparison operators will actually return a value of 1 if the comparison is
true and a value of 0 if it is false. Checking to see whether the variable hungry
is equal to 1 will return 1 if hungry equals 1 and 0 if hungry equals 0. Since the
program only uses these two cases, the comparison operator can be dropped
altogether.
While (hungry)
{
Find some food;
Eat the food;
}
A smarter mouse program with more inputs demonstrates how compari-
son operators can be combined with variables.
While ((hungry) && !(cat_present))
{
Find some food;
If(!(food_is_on_a_mousetrap))
Eat the food;
}
This example assumes there are also variables that describe the presence
of a cat and the location of the food, with a value of 1 for true and 0 for false.
Just remember that any nonzero value is considered true, and the value of 0
is considered false.