Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER TWO
Physical Activity, Fitness and
the Energy Cost of Activities:
Implications for Obesity in
Children and Adolescents
in the Tropics
,
†
*
Physical Activity and Energy MetabolismResearch Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
†
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, MARA University of Technology,
Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
1
Corresponding author: e-mail address: pbkoon@fsk.ukm.my
Mohd Noor Ismail
Contents
1.
Introduction
50
2.
Overweight and Obesity in the Tropics
53
2.1
Overweight and obesity
53
2.2
Health consequences of overweight and obesity
54
2.3
Factors contributing to overweight and obesity
55
2.4
Global data on overweight and obesity in the tropics
56
2.5
Obesity studies conducted in the tropics
59
3.
Physical Activity in the Tropics
59
3.1
Physical activity
59
3.2
Global data on PA in the tropics
62
3.3
PA studies conducted in the tropics
65
3.4
Discussion
67
4.
Physical Fitness in the Tropics
68
4.1
Physical fitness
68
4.2
Relationship between PF and PA
69
4.3
PF studies conducted in the tropics
71
4.4
Discussion
72
5.
Energy Cost of Physical Activities in Children and Adolescents in the Tropics
72
5.1
Energy cost of habitual activities
72
5.2 Methods of measuring energy cost
73
5.3
Compilation of energy cost of physical activities in the tropics
80
6.
Implications of PA, PF, and Energy Cost on Obesity in the Tropics
82
6.1
PA and obesity
82
