OPERATIONAL SECURITY OF UBIQUITOUS INFORMATION - Cyberwar-Netwar: Security in the Information Age - page 112

can survive if we do not coorperate. And we are at the beginning of that era. This is my
belief. A topic was written about war and peace, called “The invention of peace and the
invention of war”. You should try to read it. It is a small topic of about 130 pages,
recommended to me by Professor Carvalho Rodrigues who made an opening address at
our workshop yesterday. This topic has a very strong argument regarding what I have just
said, but in political terms. The author previewed what would happen in the United
States before the year 2000. It is there in the topic. And then he wrote that the beginning
of terrorism, as we know it, as we now are experiencing it, was almost obvious before. If
we understand what is happening, it is the first step to understanding what to do, and
what we have to do regarding cooperation at various levels, and of course, cyberwar is
one of them. It is my belief. I cannot prove it, but I am willing to work in that direction.
Erez : I would like to comment on cyberterrorism, Cooperation is the key word. If I
go back to the 1960's or 1970's, there was a huge wave of terrorism and counter-
terrorism on European soil between Israel and Palestine and it was followed afterwards
by conflicts involving Croats, Sikhs and many other groups. The Europeans stayed aside
and did not react. They allowed events to happen without any real attempt to stop them.
Whenever terrorists were caught they were released almost immediately because the
Europeans were afraid that if they arrested them it would be followed by counter-
measures or counter-events and people would be kidnapped, etc., in order to put pressure
on freeing the prisoners. In several cases where the Europeans had their national dignity
or interests hurt they did react. There was cooperation and in the national interest many
groups united to fight terrorism. On the other hand, when there was a multinational
cooperation against small radical groups, for example, in Lebanon or Lebanese who
worked in countries such as France, Greece, Italy and Israel, there was a cooperation
between Italy, France, Israel and some other countries in order to track these
organisations down; some two or three months after the organisation was tracked,
everyone was either killed or arrested. So, cooperation is a crucial thing. What I have
observed personally is that cooperation sometimes contradicts national or economic
interests and when this is the case we cannot bring even the European countries to a
common base in order to cooperate.