Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 1 Average annual vehicle miles per driver by total household income (ITF 2012 )
Fig. 2 Passenger-kilometres by private cars and light trucks, 1990-2009 (index 1990 = 100)
(ITF 2012 )
However, once a certain level is reached the demand is saturated and any
further demand is only insignificant (Fig. 1 ). A similar interrelation is observed
on a scale of whole countries. In the last years, the demand for transportation,
especially in the vehicle transport satisfied by means of passenger cars and
light trucks, has stabilized (Fig. 2 ). Another reason for the lessening demand
for transportation in developed countries resulted from a range of other reasons,
especially rising petrol prices, the economic crisis and a more and more uneven
distribution of economic growth, the shrinking middle class, a growing level of
urbanization, aging in society and growing digitalization.
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