Energy Efficiency of Passenger Transport in Poznan Agglomeration in the Face of Peak Oil - Technology Management for Sustainable Production and Logistics - page 148

Energy Efficiency of Passenger Transport
in Poznan Agglomeration in the Face
of Peak Oil

Hubert Igli ´ski

Abstract Economic growth and social development result in the growth of trans-
port use. It is perfectly observed in developing countries with dynamic growth
rates, such as China, where only in 2013, 20 million new cars were sold. What
is more, the population of developing countries will have increased by almost
two billion by 2050 and it will, too, increase the demand for transport, especially
road and air transport. 95 % of transportation relies on oil refinement products.
Its sources have not been exhausted, but are more and more limited. According
to some experts, the world has reached or will soon reach peak oil and even a
dynamic growth in the extraction from shale or other non-conventional sources
will not increase the supply significantly. In the face of these challenges and the
limited amount of its own oil, the EU postulates to speed up the process of sus-
tainable transport development, which was expressed in, among others, in the
White Paper of Transport of 2011. The aim of this chapter is to estimate the level
of energy-intensity of passenger transport in Poznan agglomeration in public
transport (tram and bus) and the dominating individual transport. It also indicates
organisational and technological activities which would contribute to lowering
energy intensity and increasing the sustainability of transport.

Keywords Energy-Intensity · Public transport · Sustainable transport · Peak oil ·
Supply of oil · Demand for oil

1 Introduction

The functioning and development of modern societies and economies are entirely
dependent upon transport operation. Conveyance of the majority of goods and pas-
sengers is performed by means of mechanical modes of transport, which in more