Reducing Truck Emissions in Import Operations at Container Terminal—A Case Study in a Singaporean Port - Technology Management for Sustainable Production and Logistics - page 145

model as well as solution algorithm. First, the TAS is currently used for export
containers. This study proposes an approach to utilize the TAS for picking up
import containers in order to reduce truck idling emission. Second, a mathemati-
cal model which combines deterministic and stochastic factor is developed for the
proposed approach. Finally, the simulation-based GA is applied to solve the devel-
oped mathematical model.
This study can yield benefits to container terminal as well as shipping company.
From this study, container terminal can obtain a method for fast and automatically
generating available periods for pick-up container. The emissions coming from
idle truck engines are reduced at the container terminal with the added benefit of
reduced congestion of the terminal area. Moreover, the arrival rate at peak hour
decrease and this will be easier for the container in resource planning for the yard
operations. Shipping companies also get benefits from the presented methodol-
ogy. It decreases the waiting time of trucks at the container terminal and thereby
reduces the operation costs of shipping companies. In addition, the shipping com-
pany has a possibility to choose a convenient time to arrive at the container termi-
nal. Last but not least, this study can improve the customer satisfaction for both
container terminal and shipping company. The container terminal can reduce the
working time of yard crane at a container block, reduce the time to pick up con-
tainer of trucks, and have more flexible in scheduling their daily activities. The
shipping company is more flexible in scheduling trucks for pick up containers and
delivery to its customer. Moreover, reducing waiting time at container yard will
help the shipping company to delivery containers to its customers earlier.
For further research, this study can be extended by considering emission reduc-
tion for both import and export containers. A truck that carries an export container
has to wait at the entrance gate of terminal and at the export yard for unloading
container. Moreover, an optimization model can be developed for the moving
container at yard when truck arrival pattern is known. This is a challenge because
there is a trade-off between the quality of the solution and the computation time.
Acknowledgments This work has partly been supported by the National Centre of Sciences
grant nr 2012/07/B//HS4/00702.
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