Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
any other surveyed cities. Statistics confirm it. There are 9 various types of stops per
1 m 2 in the capital of Hungary which makes changes convenient regardless of the
place. It is not more than a few hundred meters from one tram stop to a bus stop.
Budapest has the biggest network of day and night buses and trams. To compare
in Vienna there are 98 stops, in Prague 134, in Warsaw 170 whereas in Budapest
219. The city distinguishes itself by a big number of tram lines. It has 31 of them
whereas Bratislava 8 and Belgrade 10. In terms of the range of tram lines of 157 km,
Budapest takes the seventh place in the world after Melbourne, St. Petersburg,
Berlin, Moscow, Amsterdam and Vienna. On the other hand the layout of lines is
not that effective as in Vienna or Zagreb where tram are connected to other means of
transport creating an essential element of a coherent changing system.
However considering the number of stations of four operating underground
lines (52), the capital of Hungary is among cities such as Bucharest-51 or Prgue-
57. Vienna has more of them—104 whereas Warsaw less than a half—21 station.
For the purposes of optimal planning the route, the city provided inhabitants
with a special application which can also be used offline. It is enough to download
timetables and routes of particular means of transport and chose an appropriate
line to get information about the most convenient road.
The application is equipped with an interesting feature of your favorite routes.
It enables the user to save his/her favorite or the most frequently used routes.
It helps to search connections faster and get information about any possible
hindrances.
Budapest public transport is an example of cooperation between city authori-
ties and inhabitants. A big number of various means of transport from the under-
ground, trolleybuses, buses or to trams operating frequently and covering a wide
range as well as improvements such as digital applications enable public transport
to be a real alternative to the car.
Actions undertaken by city representatives with regard to the public infrastruc-
ture are in line with the concept of sustainable development where the society
should aspire to neutralize or counteract a negative impact on the natural environ-
ment. The above case concerns improvement of the quality of inhabitants' lives as
well as solving the problem of congestion and polluting public space.
Seoul the capital of South Korea is an interesting example of creating a smart
city. It is necessary for inhabitants to have a mobile device e.g. a smartphone in
order to access digital services. For these purposes city authorities joined two
trends into one system. The wealthy Seoul inhabitants more often change their tel-
ephones and they have a possibility of to reduce their tax by USD 50-100 per each
device they give to the less wealthy. This way older devices are not thrown away
which decreases the amount of electronic waste and systematically increases the
number of people owning mobile devices. Additionally Seoul offers its inhabitants
full access to the broadband Internet inter alia in offices, means of urban commu-
nication or in parks (Hwang et al. 2013 ).
It is also worthwhile mentioning u-Seoul Safety System designed for people with
small children, people taking care of the elderly or people suffering memory lapses.
These people are equipped with a transmitter giving their current location. Each
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