An Experienced Programmer’s Introduction to Java - Java Application Development on Linux - page 56

Table 3.1 Arithmetic and logical Java operators in order of precedence

Operators Explanation

[] .

array indexing, member reference

- ++ -- ! ~

unary operators: negate, increment, decrement, logical-not, bitwise-not

( type ) new

coercion, or casting to a different type; creating a new object

* / %

multiplication, division, remainder

+ -

addition, subtraction

<< >> >>> shift-left, shift-right-sign-extend, shift-right-zero-fill

< > <= >=
instanceof

less-than, greater-than, less-or-equal, greater-or-equal, comparing object
types

== !=

equal, not-equal

&

bitwise-and (boolean for boolean operands with no short-circuit) *

^

bitwise-xor (with boolean operands it is a boolean-xor) **

|

bitwise-or (boolean for boolean operands with no short-circuit) *

&&

logical-and (with short-circuit) *

||

logical-or (with short-circuit) *

?:

Inline if expression, e.g., a ? b : c says, if a is true , then the value
is b , else it is c .

= += -= *= /=
%= <<= >>=
>>>= &= ^= |=

Assignment; those with an operator, as in a op= b will perform the
operation a op b then assign the result back to a .

In Java there are two ways to do a boolean AND operation: using & or && . Remember that
for “a AND b”, if either is false , then the result is false . That means that if “a” is
false , there is no need to evaluate “b” because it will not affect the result. Skipping the
evaluation of “b” in this case is called short-circuiting . Java will use short-circuit evaluation
when using the && operator, but not & . The same applies to the OR operators || and |
where Java can short-circuit on a true evaluation of the first operand for || . This is an
important distinction when “a” and “b” are not just simple variable references but rather
method calls or other complex expressions, especially ones with side effects.

*

XOR is exclusive or, where the result of “a XOR b” is true if “a” or “b” is true , but not
both. For bitwise operands, “a” and “b” refer here to bits in the operand; for boolean
operands it is the one value. Examples: 5^6 is 3 ; true^false is true but true^true
is false .

**