Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
of a closed water bolus. Alternative approaches using an open
water bolus have been described by De Leeuw and Lagendijk
(1987) and Kroeze et al. (2001).
Another clinical application of phased arrays is the induc-
tion of hyperthermia in tumors in the head and neck. Paulides et
al. (2005) investigated the optimal configuration of applicators,
operating frequency, and target volume within this region using
simulations of SAR in an anatomically realistic model. They
found that the optimal number of antennas was 16 but that the
performance of a less complex configuration of 6 to 8 antennas
was also close to optimum. The optimal frequency was dependent
upon target size; for target volumes in the range of approximately
4 × 4 × 4 cm
3
to 5 × 5 × 5 cm
3
, it lay in the range 400-600 MHz.
A clinical device, the HYPERcollar applicator system consist-
ing of 12 patch antennas operated at 433 MHz, was subsequently
developed (Paulides et al. 2007, Paulides et al. 2010).
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